For Authors

The author`s guidelines have been revised since 2023.

The submitted paper should meet the following requirements:

The length of the Article should be a minimum 5 and not exceed 15 pages of A4 size;
The work must be accompanied by the Author's Name, Surname, Title, affiliation, e-mail, ORCID; (In Georgian and English languages)
Abstract in English and Georgian 150-200 words 3-5 keywords;
The paper must be in Sylfaen font;
Font size 11, interval 1.15.
Pictures, Tables, and Diagrams must be in Arabic numbering and placed in the text.

All used sources are referred to in the footnotes at the bottom of the page. All footnotes are numbered in sequence.

According to the revised guidelines for authors, a bibliography is mandatory at the end of the article.
Place the sources according to the alphabet. First place list the literature in Georgian language, then sources referred to in English and other languages.
References not in Latin script must be referred to according to transliteration rules. For Georgian Language transliteration rules, see the web page.https://www.translitteration.com/transliteration/en/georgian/national/

Please, prepare your manuscript before submission, using the following guidelines:

Book

When citing a single-authored book, the author's name—surname and initials—must be indicated, as well as the name of the book, the place of publication, the year, and the corresponding page.

Example:

Zoidze B., Constitutional control and order of values in Georgia, Tbilisi, 2007, 56

Miller A., The Supreme Court and American Capitalism, New York, 1968, 73

If there are two or more authors, the data of all authors (surname and first name) are indicated: the name of the book, place of publication, year, and corresponding page.

Example:

Kverenchkhiladze G., Melkadze O., French name system, Tbilisi, 1997, 84.

Walsh A., Hemmens C., Law, Justice, and Society: a Sociolegal Introduction, New York, 2010, 144.

In the case of a manual or a work compiled by a collective of authors, when specific chapters, subsections, or paragraphs are distributed among the authors and the names of the authors of the work are not displayed on the cover, the citation is made in the following order: title of the work; The editor of the paper (if any); place and year of publication; relevant page.

Example:

The Constitution of Georgia and the Constitutional Reform of 2010, Tbilisi, 2010, 42

Handbook of Polish Law, edited by Dajczak W., Szwarc A.J., Wilinski P., Poznan, 2011, 211.

Collection

When citing the collection, the data should be indicated in the following order: the last name and initials of the article's author; the title of the article; the name of the collection; the editor of the collection (if any); the place and year of publication; and the relevant page.

Example:

Tughushi G., Criminalization of expression related to religious issues, international standards of human rights protection and Georgia, K. Edited by Korkelia, Tbilisi, 2011, 243.

Article

When using an article from a scientific journal, the note indicates data of the author of the article (surname and first name), Article name, journal name, number, Publication year, and corresponding page. In the case of quoting from a journal, the place of publication is not indicated.

Example:

Begiashvili N., Impossibility of fulfilling an obligation (comparative-legal analysis), Journal of Law, #1(2)

Faber R., The Austrian Constitutional Court - An Overview, Vienna Journal on International Constitutional Law, Vol. 1, 2008, 50.

Report or Conclusion

When quoting a report, report, or conclusion, the note indicates the data of the author of the report (if any) - in the case of a specific person, the initials of the author's surname and first name, and in the case of anybody, group of persons, organization - its official name; the name of the report; the name of the forum, conference, seminar at which the report was presented to the public (if any); the place of announcement (publication, delivery) of the report (if any); Date of announcement or publication of report, relevant page.

Example:

Report of the Public Defender of Georgia on the state of protection of human rights and freedoms in Georgia, Tbilisi, 2011, 151.

Papuashvili G., Problematic Aspects of Interrelationship between the Constitutional and Ordinary Courts, 1st Congress of the World Conference on Constitutional Justice, Cape Town, 23–24 January 2009, 3.

When quoting a report, report, conclusion, or opinion that exists in electronic form and has not been published in printed form, the corresponding electronic resource should be indicated additionally.

Example:

Kakhiani G., Opinions on some issues related to the draft constitutional law, 4; see <http://www.parliament.ge/publicdebates/article_7.pdf> [01.08.2012].

Universal Jurisdiction: Scope and Limitations under International Law, November 12, 2010; ix., <http://www.lawyersnjurists.com/articlesand-assignment/universal-jurisdiction-scope-and-limitations-underinternational-law/> [07.05.2011].

Translated sources

When using a translated book, the following must be indicated:

Author's name - surname and initials
The name of the book
The initials and surname of the translator of the book
Initial and last name of the editor of the translation (if any)
Place of publication, year, and corresponding page

Example

David R., Main legal systems of modernity, T. Ninidze and E. Sumbatashvili's translation, T. edited by Ninidze, Tbilisi, 2010, 239.

Kelsen H., Pure Theory of Law, Translated by M. Knight, Los Angeles, London, 1970, 140.

When using an article translated from a scientific journal, the note indicates data of the author of the article (surname and first name), Title of the article, initials and surname of the translator, name of the journal, number, year of publication, relevant page.

Example:

Kelsen H., What is the pure theory of law?, L. Bregvadze's translation, Journal of Law, #2, 2011, 300.

Radbruch G., Five Minutes of Legal Philosophy, Translated by Bonnie Litschewski Paulson and Stanley L. Paulson, Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 26, Issue 1 (Spring 2006), 15

Secondary sources

When quoting from a work, if the text itself is referred to by another author With citation or paraphrase, it is indicated: 1. The primary source used by the author, after which the designation is made - `from work:,' `from the book:' and so on. After the appropriate designation, the paper where the quotation is called is indicated. 2. The source, in which the corresponding paraphrase or quotation is called, after which the notation is made - ``see. Citation:` and the literature cited by the corresponding author is indicated.

If it is impossible to adapt the literature the author indicates to the suggested style, then the data indicated in the note of the cited literature is the same.

Example:

Zoidze B., Constitutional control and order of values in Georgia, Tbilisi, 2007, 61; see Citation: Shayo A., Self-restraint of government, introduction to constitutionalism, Tbilisi, 2003, 285

Fletcher G., Basic Concepts of Legal Thought, New York, 1995, 25, naSromSi: Sadurski W., Constitutional Review in Europe and the United States: Influences, Paradoxes, and Convergence, Legal Studies Research Paper, No. 11/15, 2011, 15

Normative Acts of Georgia

When using the normative acts of Georgia, please provide the official name and number of the legal act and the corresponding number of the ``Legislative Gazette of Georgia'' in which the act was published (the official website of the ``Legislative Gazette of Georgia'' is indicated for the acts adopted after January 1, 2011), the date of publication, and the relevant article, paragraph, part, or subsection (if necessary).

When referring to normative acts adopted before January 1, 2011

Example:

Paragraph 2 of Article 21 of the Constitution of Georgia, Parliamentary Office of Georgia #31-33, 1995.

``On Approval of the Status of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara'', Article 17, Paragraph One of the Constitutional Law of Georgia, #305-RS, Legislative Gazette of Georgia #16, 07/04/2004.

When referring to normative acts adopted after January 1, 2011

Example:

The first paragraph of Article 176 of the Election Code of Georgia, #5636, Legislative Gazette of Georgia, 10.01.20

Simplified rule

The note indicates its official name and the corresponding article, paragraph (part), or subsection when referring to a normative act.

Example

Article 10 of the Labor Code of Georgia. The first paragraph of Article 19 of the Law of Georgia on private international law.

In applying an invalid normative act, the indication of its cancellation is added to the reference and the corresponding date - `(expired --.--.--).

Example:

Paragraph 2 of Article 12610 of the Election Code of Georgia, #1047-RS, Legislative Gazette of Georgia, #25, 22.08.2001 (repealed, 10.01.2012).

International agreements:

The names of international agreements can be indicated in Georgian and the original. When citing this type, the following information should appear in the designation in the appropriate order: the name of the international agreement and its type (e.g., pact, etc.);

Parties to an international agreement, if they consist of three or fewer member parties; International agreement registration data, if any; The date of acceptance or opening for signature of the international Agreement (if the Agreement enters into force immediately after signing, only the date of signature is indicated); The date of entry into force of the international Agreement. All these data are separated by a comma (except for the parties and the date of acceptance or signing of the Agreement, which are separated by brackets). At the end, a specific article can be indicated.

Example:

Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 189 UNTS 137 (adopted June 28, 1951, entered into force April 22, 1954) Article 33.

Court decisions

Acts of the Constitutional Court of Georgia

When quoting the decision, ruling, minutes of the Constitutional Court of Georgia, the official name of the court, the date, number, and name of the case (the name must be enclosed in quotation marks) are indicated.

Decision

Example:

Decision #6/134-139-140 of the Constitutional Court of Georgia dated March 30, 2001, in the case, ``Three groups of members of the Parliament of Georgia against the Parliament of Georgia''.

Decision #1/1/468 of the Constitutional Court of Georgia dated April 11, 2012, in the case, ``Public Defender of Georgia against the Parliament of Georgia''.

Ruling

Example:

Verdict #2/6/518 of the Constitutional Court of Georgia, dated November 28, 2012, in the case of "Georgian citizen Vitali Nishnianidze against the Parliament of Georgia."

Record

Example

Minutes #2/4/530 of the Constitutional Court of Georgia dated December 28, 2012, in the case, ``Citizens of Georgia - Vladimir Sanikidze and Maya Khutsishvili against the Parliament of Georgia''.

Resolution of the Plenum

Example:

Resolution #76/2 of the Plenum of the Constitutional Court of Georgia dated February 20, 2010.

Acts of the General Courts of Georgia

When citing an order, the official name of the court, the name of the court chamber/college, and the date, number, and name (if any) of the decision/judgment/judgment/order should be indicated.

When referring to the acts of the Supreme Court of Georgia, the name of the relevant chamber is indicated after the court's name.

Example:

The ruling of the Administrative Affairs Chamber of the Supreme Court of Georgia of January 10, 2011 #BS-1168-1136(K-10).

Decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and the Commission

When quoting the decision of the European Court of Human Rights, the official name of the court or commission in Georgian is indicated; The date of the court act and the name of the case are in italics in English or French, and the number of the paragraph is indicated at the end. Reference should be made in Georgian, except for the name of the case.

When a dissenting opinion or declaration of a particular judge (or judges) is attached to the case, and a reference is made to it, the latter is indicated in parentheses before the reference to the paragraph number, without punctuation.

Example:

The judgment of the European Court of Human Rights of November 28, 2002, in the case, The Former King of Greece and others v. Greece (dissenting opinion of Judge Koumantos) Par 1.

Decisions of the International Criminal Court and various international or hybrid types of tribunals

Decisions of the International Criminal Court and various international or hybrid types of tribunals are cited in the following order:

First, italicize the case title concerning the specific defendant (convict) and prosecutor in the original language (e.g., Prosecutor v. Defendant's name). Then, a comma is placed, and the type of decision is indicated, followed by the case number in parentheses. The specifics are added without punctuation.

The exact name of the judicial body.

A comma separates all these, and the date of the decision is indicated, after which (separated by a comma) the specific number of the paragraph is indicated unless the decision is cited in general. When a dissenting opinion or declaration of a particular judge (or judges) is attached to a case and a reference is made to it, the latter is indicated in parentheses before the reference to the paragraph number, without punctuation.

Example:

Prosecutor v. Aleksovski, Judgment (IT-95-14/1-A), Appeals Chamber of the Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, March 24, 2000 (Declaration of Judge Hunt) para 2

Decisions of the International Court of Justice (I.C.J.) and the Permanent Court of International Justice (PICJ)

Decisions of the International Court of Justice (I.C.J.) and the Permanent Court of International Justice (PICJ) are cited as follows:

First, the name of the case is indicated in the original language, followed by the indication of the participating parties in brackets in Georgian without punctuation marks (unless there is an advisory opinion (in this case, ``advisory opinion'' is indicated in brackets in Georgian). Then, the name of the court in Georgian is indicated, which is separated by commas on both sides; this is followed by the requisites of the official issuing body, followed by the date of the decision in parentheses, and the paragraph of the specific judge (or judges).

A dissenting opinion or declaration shall be attached to the case and referred to; before indicating the paragraph number, it shall be presented in parentheses without punctuation.

Example:

Interpretation of Peace Treaties with Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania ((Advisory Opinion), International Court of Justice, 1950 I.C.J. 65 (March 30, 1950), par. 23.

Decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union

Since 1989, the cases of the Court of Justice of the European Union have been registered according to the following rule: the prefix C is used for the European Court of Justice (E.C.J. cases) and the General Court (G.C.) - T. The General Court existed as a Court of First Instance (CFI) until 2009. Tribunal decisions are numbered with F. Decisions made before 1989 should not be prefixed with C. When citing cases, the relevant index and case number should be presented together (except for cases made before 1989, which were not indexed).

Presentation in italics in the original language.

Square brackets indicate the year of the decision without punctuation on both sides. The source is followed by the official sealed authority where the decision was published and the number of the first page of the latter. A full stop is placed at the end, except when referring to a paragraph, and a comma separates the latter.

Example:

Case C–176/03 Commission v Council [2005] ECR I–7879, para 47–48

The opinions of the Advocate General of the European Union refer to similar court cases, with the difference that before presenting the paragraph number, the Advocate General's opinion is marked with a sign in parentheses -(A.G.)

Decisions of the European Commission concerning mergers or corporate law must be treated as court cases and are presented according to a particular rule. In this case, the name of the parties to the case (or the specific abbreviated name of the case) is indicated in italics, followed by the case number in parentheses without punctuation. Then, the commission's decision is indicated in Georgian, and the number of decisions of the commission is added to it. Then, the year of its decision is in square brackets. All this is added without punctuation to the first page of the publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

Decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Federal Republic of Germany

Citation of the decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Federal Republic of Germany is carried out in the following manner:

The name of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany is indicated first, and after the comma, the reference to the official publication is made with the following abbreviation BVerfGE, preceded by the number of the corresponding official publication, and after that, the home page of the decision in this publication. Without punctuation, the year of the decision is added in parentheses, followed by the relevant paragraph or specific page of the official publication.

Example:

German Federal Constitutional Court 21 BverfGE 150 (1976).

Decisions of the Supreme Court of the Federal Republic of Germany

When quoting decisions of the Supreme Court of the Federal Republic of Germany, the name of the Federal Supreme Court of Germany is indicated first. The official publication of the Federal Supreme Court of Germany is referred to with the following abbreviations - BGHZ (civil cases), BGHZt (criminal cases), and BverwGE (administrative cases) preceded by the corresponding Official publication number, followed by the home page of the decision in that publication. Without punctuation, the year of the decision is added in parentheses, and the relevant paragraph or the specific page of the official publication to which the reference is made.

Example:

German Federal Supreme Court, 59 BGHZ 30 (1972)

Decisions of the Constitutional Council of the French Republic

For the first time, the name of the body issuing the decision is indicated in Georgian when quoting the Decisions of the Constitutional Council of the Republic of France.

In total, which is separated by a comma, the type of decision (in Georgian) and its number are indicated. After the mentioned, a comma will be placed, and the decision date and the relevant point in this decision will be indicated in Georgian.

Example:

Constitutional Council of the French Republic, Decision #2001-445 DC, June 19, 2001, par 56

Decisions of the Council of State of the French Republic

When quoting the decisions of the State Council of the French Republic (Conseil d'État), first in the Georgian language, the body issuing the decision is indicated in total, which is separated by a comma. Then, the type of decision (in Georgian) and its number are indicated. After the above, a comma will be placed, and the decision date and the corresponding point will be indicated in Georgian.

Example:

The decision of the Council of State of the French Republic # 360307, February 20, 2013, par 4

Decisions of the courts of the French Republic

When quoting the decisions of the courts of the French Republic, the name of the relevant court in Georgian is indicated first. If necessary, it should be indicated in parentheses that it is a French court (while without special knowledge, it is difficult to determine the location from the name of a specific court; the abbreviation ``France'' should be used). Then, the decision date, the name of the relevant printed authority where the decision was made, or the number of decisions indicated.

Example:

Paris Court of Appeal, Judgment of December 20, 1994. J.C.P. 1994, II, 22250

Decisions of the Federal Court of the United States of America

When citing decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States of America, the title of the case in the original language is indicated first, separated by a comma and the court issuing the decision is indicated. If the decision is published, the name of the relevant publication is also indicated. The date is indicated if the decision has yet to be published, followed by the relevant paragraph (unless a general reference is made).

The decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States of America are officially published in the United States Reports. The latter is indicated after the official publication, and before that, it is possible to quote without it by indicating the decision date. The United States edition is abbreviated as "U.S." Abbreviation.

The corresponding volume number will be displayed before it. After that, the first page of the specific decision and the year of the last one will be placed on it. If the official publication of the Supreme Court is indicated, the name of this court is no longer indicated separately because the publication directly refers to it. Decisions of other courts are not printed in the U.S. edition.

Example:

Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), par 7.

Clapper v. Amnesty International U.S.A. Decision of the Supreme Court of the United States of America of February 26, 2013, Par 1

If a judge's dissenting opinion is cited after the decision's name, the dissenting or concurring opinion of a specific judge is indicated and separated by commas on both sides.

Example:

Korematsu v. Dissenting opinion of United States Judge Jackson, 3 23 U.S. 214 (1944).

Acts of the Courts of the United Kingdom

When citing U.K. decisions, the name of the specific decision, the name of the relevant court, and the publication in which the decision is published are indicated first. In addition, a paragraph can be indicated. If the decision is presented or consists of different opinions of several judges, the name of the specific judge is indicated in parentheses at the end of the citation.

Example:

Corr v I.B.C. Vehicles Ltd U.K. House of Lords, [2008] 1 AC 884

EU legal acts

When citing E.U. treaties or protocols, the title of the presented legislation (may be in Georgian or one of the official languages), including amendments (if necessary), followed by the year of adoption in square brackets and continued without punctuation with the official journal and its corresponding number or Referring to the first page.

Example:

Protocol to the Agreement on the Member States that do not fully apply the Schengen acquis - Joint Declarations [2007] OJ L129/35.

When quoting regulations, directives, decisions, recommendations, and opinions, the name of the act is first noted in Georgian, indicating the exact date and number. The date and number are then separated by a comma, and the full title of the act is indicated. The year of publication is followed without a comma in square brackets.

At the end, the official journal and its corresponding number or first page are indicated without a punctuation mark.

Example

Council Directive (2002). ./60/E.C. of June 27, 2002, laying down special provisions for the control of African fowl influenza and amending Directive 92/119/E.E.C. relating to Techen disease and African fowl influenza [2002] OJ L192/27

Pictures, tables, and diagrams are placed in the text and numbered in Arabic

by numbers;

Cite a diagram, figure, or table.

Diagrams, pictures, and tables are placed in the central part of the text and numbered in Arabic. (For example, Table 1: Figure 6, or Figure 4:) The diagram, figure, or table should include a brief description/title of the content. For example, "Figure 6: "2022 statistics", Figure 6: "Zion inscription of Bolnisi", etc.

Place diagram, figure, or table in a footnote :

When verifying in footnotes and bibliographies, indicate the author/editor's last name, first name, text title, [material type #], year, place of publication, and publisher page number.

Ananiashvili, Yuri, econometrics, [diagram 6]. 2012. Tbilisi: Meridian. p. 59

Javakhishvili, Ivane. History of the Georgian Nation, [Illustration 4]. 1979. Tbilisi: Science, p. 186

Knox, Bill. Statistics [Table 1]. 2014, North Ryde, McGraw-Hill Education, p.27.

For more details, please, use the link: https://www.citethisforme.com/citation-generator/