THE TEACHING ON THE ONE GOD ACCORDING TO THE DOCTRINE OF THE FIRST ECUMENICAL COUNCIL OF NICAEA BY ST GENNADIOS SCHOLARIOS, WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF DĀR AL-TAWḤĪD. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE THEOLOGY OF ISLAMIC – CHRISTIAN DIALOGUE

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This paper examines the approach of Gennadios Scholarios, Patriarch of Constantinople, to the doctrine of the one God—a dogma articulated by the First Ecumenical Council at Nicaea in 325 AD. Despite the apparent contradiction between monotheism and Trinitarianism from an Islamic perspective, Scholarios sought to develop a theological dialogue with Islam, striving to explain the unique doctrinal position of the Church, which had become a vassal community under Sultan and Caliph Mehmed II (1432–1481), the Conqueror. The study focuses on this first official attempt at theological engagement between Christianity and Islam, highlighting Scholarios’s effort to present his positions without the polemical tone that often marked earlier exchanges. It underscores the need for a more constructive and mutually attentive theological approach to dialogue between the two religions. Finally, it examines Scholarios’s role as a mediator between the Orthodox Church and Islam, and his attempt to foster a dialogue essential for understanding and bridging their theological differences.